the cable is fine. It carries the information to your PC, back and forth, as the dongle is recognized by the PC.
Have you tried to test the LE with xlights? I am not using Vixen myself, so I won't be able to help you as far as the configuration is concerned. As far as I can understand the issues you are running into, I don't see any of them that scream 'hardware issue'. I think there might be a configuration step that is not taking or not entered correctly, and that it is blocking your system at the moment. It will be hours before I get back to my system, and can help you more, but I am sure that someone else, with knowledge in Vixen, can get you out of this in no time.
Right now, there might be too many cooks in your kitchen, and it's pretty hard to follow where we are at any given time.
If you get xlights up and running, it should be pretty simple to test the system, especially with the LE, as you won't even need to have lights attached to the system (the same would be true using Vixen)